After listening to your selection, please answer the questions below. Polyphonic texture Basso continuo Figured bass Use of harpsichord In Germany, organ music using the toccata form was popular. In the Baroque, we find the harmonic pull harder to define due to the complexities of polyphony. Bach. Most traditional Protestant hymns and most “barbershop quartet” music is in this category. This was the first opera to gain public acclaim. Heterophonic textures can be found in a wide range of music from jazz, folk music to the gamelan from Indonesia. Music became homophonic, meaning it was based on one melody with harmonic support coming from a keyboard player. One of the most common forms of polyphonic texture is the fugue. Most popular music genres strongly favor homophonic textures, whether featuring a solo singer, rapper, guitar solo, or several vocalists singing in harmony. js.src = "//forms.aweber.com/form/44/1186983444.js"; The opening section of the “Overture” Of Handel’s “Messiah” (The second section of the overture is polyphonic), Which piece did you select? Ancient myths were a favorite theme of Baroque opera composers. It was the only type of music allowed in churches, … 1 (“Granada”) of Albeniz’ Suite Espanola for guitar. Gabrielli experimented with choral and instrumental groups by positioning them on different sides of the basilica and making them perform alternately or in unison. Have a listen to this example of Lady Gaga performing the National Anthem at the Superbowl: In this example a piano has been added to the solo vocal line so it is clearly not monophonic. Baroque composer strived to show the human impact on music which was portrayed directly by human voice when doing solo voice, baroques refused to adhere to the complex nature of polyphony which is found in the later period of renaissance, baroque developed deep application of harmony as the underlining foundation for the polyphonic (Academon, 2011, 1), this had great effect … The third and final movement of Bach's Brandenburg Concerto No.5 is a fast and lively dance. It might be made up of rhythm only, or of a melody line with chordal accompaniment, or many interweaving melodies. Each voice has a clear melody line that it follows, but they all have been cleverly put together to form a coherent and beautiful piece of music: Polyphony is typical of music in the Renaissance period and in the Baroque period where a contrapuntal texture was very common. During the Baroque period, composers experimented with musical contrasts that differed greatly from the music of the Renaissance. Read More. The definition of polyphonic texture comes from the Greek (poly-phonic), literally meaning “many sounds”. Most music for large instrumental groups such as bands or orchestras is contrapuntal at least some of the time. At the end of the reading assignment you’ll find links to three pieces you can listen to; see if you can identify the textures of the pieces based on your reading. Monophonic music has only one melodic line, with no harmony or counterpoint. Have a look at this visual diagram of a monophonic texture (the blue line is the solo melody): Monophony is the oldest type of music (it was the only type of music performed in Ancient Greece) and was the form of music used in early church plainchant and Gregorian Chant music. At first, opera was only for the upper class or aristocrats, but soon even the general public patronized it. There are four music textures that you need to understand: In this lesson we will look at definitions and explanations for each musical texture in turn. This complex, dense texture is typical of Renaissance and baroque music. Bach’s Mit unsrer Macht. Baroque music was also key centred but in a different way. Texture is an element you will use when identifying pieces from all the periods of music history so you’ll want to study this material very carefully. Of course, different countries in Western Europe had different styles and sub-genres within this. Here are definitions and examples of the three main textures you will encounter in our class. Below you will find some of the formal terms musicians use to describe texture. Toccata is an instrumental piece that alternates between improvisation and contrapuntal passages. Different singing styles were developed for the opera, such as: This basilica in Venice became an important venue for musical experiments during the early Baroque period. Basso continuo. Have a listen to this performance of Debussy’s “Syrinx” for solo flute. He is a music teacher, examiner, composer and pianist with over twenty years experience in music education. Here is an. Monophonic music can also be called monophony. Whilst this is technically true, it is a very basic description and we need to try to be a bit more detailed in the language we use to describe texture in music. The Baroque period in European music lasted from about 1600 to about 1750. Once you have completed the reading on musical texture, choose one of the pieces listed below and listen to the piece on YouTube. In counterpoint, each part/voice has its own distinct melodic line that is then combined with each of the other parts to form the overall sound. Polyphony is typical of music in the Renaissance period and in the Baroque period where a contrapuntal texture was very common. It was preceded by the Renaissance and followed by the Classical period. Think of a favorite pop or gospel tune that, near the end, has the soloist “ad libbing” while the back-up singers repeat the refrain. (1 or 2 sentences—use the explanations on the previous page as a reference but do not copy. Which of the three textures described above is represented by the piece you selected? Gabrielli also experimented in the contrasts of sound — fast or slow, loud or soft. Share this post: on Twitter on Facebook on Google+, Ben Dunnett LRSM is the founder of Music Theory Academy. Espie Estrella is a lyricist, songwriter, and member of the Nashville Songwriters Association International. js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; There may be rhythmic accompaniment, but only one line that has specific pitches. Apparently Handel associates monophony with “walking in darkness”! The effect of developing the texture of the piece is to build the “feel” of the song in a very dramatic way: I hope that this lesson on musical texture has helped you understand the topic more and also that it helps you in your composing. Sacred vocal music, such as Gregorian chants, was set to Latin text and sung unaccompanied. if (d.getElementById(id)) return; This is a great way of bringing contrast into a piece. One voice/part plays/sings the melody, whilst the others act as a harmonic accompaniment. Much late Baroque music is contrapuntal, particularly the works of J.S. Aside from the opera, composers also wrote numerous sonatas, concerto grosso, and choral works. The definition of monophonic music is taken from the Greek (mono-phonic), literally meaning “one sound”. When you describe the texture of a piece of music, you are describing the relationship of melodic and (sometimes) harmonic elements with each other. What is Baroque Music? They may follow many of the rules of well-written counterpoint, and they can sound quite different from the melody and be interesting to listen to by themselves. There are many informal terms that can describe the texture of a piece of music (thick, thin, bass-heavy, rhythmically complex, and so on), but the formal terms that are used to describe texture all describe the relationships of melodies and, if present, harmonies. This document covers the three musical textures we will encounter in our studies: monophony, polyphony, and homophony. Music became homophonic, meaning it was based on one melody with harmonic support coming from a keyboard player. You can see this clearly from the sheet music: However, if the singing is accompanied by an instrument, a band or an orchestra (as it usually is when a national anthem is being sung at the start of a sports match), or if some singers start to harmonise the melody then the texture becomes more complicated. Any song where the singer is accompanied by an instrument(s) (usually a piano or guitar) is an example of melody and accompaniment and can be considered to be a homophonic texture. Homophony has one clear melodic line; it’s the line that naturally draws your attention. People often struggle to find the right words to describe musical texture and so you will often hear people describing the texture of a piece of music as being “thin” if there are not very many instruments playing and “thick” if there are lots of instruments playing. The Baroque concerto grosso (c. 1675–1750). Musical Texture refers to how different layers of a piece of music are combined to produce the overall sound. What did you hear that enabled you to identify the texture? Musical Forms and Styles of the Baroque Period. The composer Giovanni Gabrielli wrote music for St. Mark's, as did Monteverdi and Stravinsky. They wanted lines to be sung instead of simply being spoken. In this broadened definition of homophony, most contemporary pop songs that have a melody and accompaniment could be considered to be homophonic. Have a listen to this version of Silent Night by the acapella group Pentatonix: Many modern hymn tunes are homophonic and homorythmic. var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; The main melody is sung by the soprano part, whilst the oboe plays and elaborated variation at the same time. ), Two-Part Invention in C Major by Johann Sebastian Bach: Polyphony, Deum Verum by an anonymous composer: Monophony, Rondo Alla Turca by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Homophony. In the Rococo or Classical period that followed, the elaborate contrapuntal texture of Baroque music gave way to music of subtle dynamic differentiation, often based on simple folk materials (rhythms and melodies). More informally, people who are describing homophonic music may mention chords, accompaniment, harmony or harmonies. During the Baroque period, composers experimented with musical contrasts that differed greatly from the music of the Renaissance. They used what is known as a melodic soprano line supported by a bass line. Homophonic music can also be called homophony. Many composers choose to use different textures within one piece of music/song. A small jazz combo with a bass, a piano, and a drum set providing the “rhythm” background for a trumpet improvising a solo. Baroque music generally has certain elements in common across the board, including but not limited to: basso continuo, ornamentation, decisive rhythms, melodiousness, and use of several textures.
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